Your TEE Workload Is Attested, Now What? A Practical Threat Model for CVMs
2026-11-04 –, Lotus Stage 1

A valid attestation quote proves what you launched, not that it's secure: your image, dependencies, and operations - all sit outside the hardware's guarantees. Builders will walk away with a practical threat model for confidential VMs and a deployment checklist covering what can't be attested.


TEEs are increasingly used in Ethereum infrastructure: block builders, sequencers, coprocessors, and oracles - every TEE-backed service relies on remote attestation. However, a valid attestation quote provides evidence about the launch state, not the runtime state. Using Intel TDX as a concrete example, this talk builds a threat model for confidential workloads:

  1. What attestation does not cover.
  2. What a malicious cloud operator can observe or manipulate.
  3. Potential design failures and their consequences.
  4. How and why securing confidential VM images differs.
  5. A minimum deployment checklist for securing TEE workloads.

I'm doing information security at ⚡️🤖 Flashbots. Working on a range of topics from conventional web2 stuff to TEEs.