What does it take to turn decentralized identity from technological innovation into national public infrastructure – and what can other countries learn from Bhutan’s pioneering experience? Bringing together the Geneva Research Lab for Digital Impact (GRL) at the University of Geneva and Bhutan’s National Digital Identity technical team, this fireside chat draws on independent research and first-hand implementation experience to explore the opportunities, challenges and tradeoffs of decentralized identity at national scale, offering practical lessons for governments and Ethereum builders.